Sholesonian Has Moved!

The Sholesonian has gone through some major renovations and has a new website! Go explore the online exhibits, collections, forums, and much more!

Visit us at Sholesonian.com!

Grand Ol' Stamp - CC 400

CC 400

4₵ US Stamp

Era: 1950's

Details: 49-star flag

If you remember awhile back, our 48-star flag was put on display, but add another state to the union and the flag needs to be changed with an added star. Now unfortunately we do not have one of these rarer 49-star flags (after Alaska was admitted to statehood on January 3 of 1959), but we have the next best thing an old US postage stamp commemorating the new state in the North. Oddly Alaska was originally referred to as Seward's Folly after William H. Seward, Secretary of State under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and Governor of New York, bought the Alaska territory in 1867 from the Russians for two cents per acre. Many people mocked him for such a pointless purchase (Why buy a frozen tundra twice the size of Texas?), but in the end was found to be a smart descison.

Seward is from Auburn, New York (very close to the Sholesonian) and thus it makes sense that this stamp was distributed through the Auburn Post Office starting on July 4, 1959 when the new 49-star flag became official. It was worth four cents, the amount it cost to mail a letter as compared to fourty five cents in 2012. 209,170,000 of these commemorative stamps were issued (120 million initially) and were sold in sheets of fifty. While the stamps lasted for awhile, the physical flag itself had a short lifetime. With the admission of Alaska in January, the forty-nine star flag was short lived until eight months later when Hawaii was asscessioned into statehood on August 21, 1959.

The stamp was designed by Stevan Dohanos and issued under Postmaster Arthur E. Summerfield. It was printed on the Giori press which has an interesting story in itself, check out the link to learn more. You can find more information on 49-star flag stamp and the rest of the 1959 stamps issued here. Below is a photo of Army Quartermaster Andrew McNamara and President Eisenhower unveiling the new 49-star U.S. flag.

Photo: US Army Quartermaster Museum

Sea Scorpion - Fos 126

FOS 126

Eurypterus lacustris

Location: Buffalo Area, NY

Age: Silurian

And the Sholesonian finally has a Eurypterid for the fossil collection! These creatures are otherwise known as 'sea scorpions' and populate New York rock formations from the Silurian (~440 million years ago)! So much so that the species Eurypterus remipes has become the state fossil. These were the largest arthropods to ever exist with Jaekelopterus rhenaniae reaching sizes of 2.5 meters (that's about 8 feet tall!), however most species reach average lengths comparable to this specimen.

These fierce bottom-dwelling predators first appeared in the Ordovician (460 million years ago) and lasted for another 210 million years before they went extinct along with over 90% of marine life at the end of the Permian.  Contrary to their name, many species lived in freshwater areas or brackish water (a mix of salt water and non-salt water, i.e. less salt than marine environments) and are more closely related to horseshoe crabs than they are scorpions. This specimen of Eurypterus lacustris can be distinguished from the most common and closely related species Eurypterus remipes, as these have eyes that are further back and has a narrower metastoma (the tail-like appendage).

This particular specimen comes from the Williamsville (A) Formation of Western New York and is a negative impression. I had been searching for a good quality specimen that showed both swimming paddles, and was able to acquire this piece after receiving a generous graduation gift years ago that was earmarked for a fossil. There is a plethora of information available on these guys so check out the eurypterus page to give you a head start. Also, for those in New York, the Paleontological Research Institute has the largest complete eurypterid specimen on display if you get a chance to check it out.

Photo: Ohio State Geology Department

Eruption!! - Geo 186

GEO 186 

Vesicular Basalt

Class: Rocks

Location: El Salvador

And we're back! After a two and a half month hiatus, the Sholesonian is back with a bang - or rather volcanic eruption! Things have been hectic around here, but fear not the museum has been constantly growing. So here we have the first post of 2012 and expect many more to come!

Our friend Kayla, who has been an integral part to our arachnology and entomology department, kindly donated this volcanic rock - hailing all the way from El Salvador. This chunk of solidified lava comes from Izalco, a volcano on the western coast of El Salvador. You may not have heard of Izalco before, but it was one of the most active volcanoes in North America, with frequent eruptions from its birth in 1770 up until 1966. It erupted so many times in its 200 year reign, that sailors would use the bright light as a beacon, earning it the name "Lighthouse of the Pacific." 

Izalco is known as a stratovolcano which means that it is built up of layers of lava and rock fragments and usually erupt in an explosive manner causing alarm and unfortunately deaths. You can see in the following photograph from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, that the volcano towers in contrast above the lush Salvadorian jungle. And despite being older than the United States, this is El Salvador's youngest volcano - but has lied dormant since the sixties. It is at an elevation of 6,398 feet (1950 m) which is approximately one and quarter miles above sea level.  The rock itself is a vesicular olivine basalt (vesicular means that it's porous like pumice) and was collected in 2003. Enjoy!

Photo: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History

Watch Your Toes - NH 336

NH 336

Eastern Toe Biter

Lethocerus griseus

Category: True Bugs

Family: Belostomatidae

Wow, it's been awhile since the last post, but have no fear the Sholesonian hasn't gone anywhere (final exams just take up a lot of my time). Sholesonian Facebook fans will note that about a month ago I teased you all with the image of a large aquatic insect with giant pincers from New York - so ladies and gentlemen here is NH 336: the Eastern Toe Biter. 

Found crawling across a parking lot in Cortland, New York in November, 2011, this bad bug (it belongs to the suborder Heteroptera and is thus technically a true bug) is also sometimes referred to as the electric bug. This is because while they live in ponds and shallow water habitats, they evolved to use the stars for navigation and thus get utterly confused by electric lights. This is why they are commonly found outside their natural environment.

Their large mandibles produce a powerful and painful bite, one of the worst in North America, and live up to their name. While they cannot breath underwater, they hunt motionless with their head underwater and their 'tail' end floating on top with a tube they can breath through (see photo above) ready to strike. They hunt for small fish, amphibians, and even baby snakes/turtles and will occasionally mistake someones toe for food. Don't worry, while they have a painful attack where they eject their digestive saliva, they aren't dangerous or venomous. Their enzyme-filled saliva starts to break down the insides of the deceased prey and it will then suck out the juices through its beak. 

And of course you can learn more about Eastern Toe Biters' relative the American Toe Biters here.

Shirts and Photos!

So a few updates on the site.

A.) If you click a picture you get a nice photo-viewer within the window instead of opening up a new tab. It looks much nicer and you can scroll through all the photos within each post. Enjoy!

B.) We now have T-Shirts available! If you click 'Store' above in the navigation bar you will see what styles are available. They're not very expensive, and I have a few other 'sciencey' shirts available (they cost a little more because you have to pay a little to use the design but are cheaper than buying them from the designer). If you have any ideas or suggestions please let me know!

And if you buy a T-Shirt, take a photo of yourself in it and send it to us, we'd love to see them!

Premo Camera - HS 034

HS 034

Film Premo No. 1

Era: 1900's

Details: Eastman Kodak

And to wrap up the mass celebration posts celebrating one year of the Sholesonian we have my personal favorite camera in the History and Cultural Collection: an Eastman Kodak The Premo Camera Film No. 1. Produced back in 1906 this camera utilized 3 1/4 x 4 1/4 sheet film. This meant that only one picture could be taken at a time. This camera was designed by Kodak more for amateur photographers of the day and was a bit more budget friendly. The camera has a variety of scales for determining which distance to pull it out and how to set the lens depending on brightness to allow amateurs the ability to take good photographs without needing to know all the references that the professionals did. 

While it may be surprising today, when this camera first came out over a century ago it was one of the most convenient cameras on the market. Lightweight and compact (the billows folds right up into the box) made it easy to use. It features two tripod sockets, one for landscape and the other for portrait. This particular specimen has lost the strap handle and the pump thing (I apologize I don't know what it's called) for taking a picture. 

This camera was one of the many models used by George Eastman in revolutionizing the photographic world. Kodak would become a powerhouse and household name for cameras and film. This early model was one that popularized public use of cameras at home and made it more affordable and portable for the average user. Scroll down this site to learn more about these Kodak Film Premo No. 1 cameras.